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Triazolam is a benzodiazepine (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peen) similar to Valium. Triazolam affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced and cause sleep problems (insomnia).
Triazolam is used to treat insomnia (trouble falling or staying asleep).
Triazolam may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Do not use if you are pregnant.
Serious drug interactions can occur when certain medicines are used together with triazolam. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all medicines you use now, and any medicine you start or stop using.
You should not use triazolam if you are allergic to triazolam or similar medicines, such as alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and others.
This medicine can harm an unborn baby or cause birth defects. Do not use if you are pregnant. Use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are using this medicine.
Some medicines can cause unwanted or dangerous effects when used with triazolam. Your doctor may need to change your treatment plan if you use certain medicines, including:
imatinib;
isoniazid;
nefazodone;
a narcotic (opioid) medication;
an antibiotic--clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin;
antifungal medicine--itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole;
heart medication--nicardipine, quinidine; or
antiviral medicine to treat hepatitis C or HIV/AIDS--atazanavir, boceprevir, cobicistat (Evotaz, Prezcobix, Stribild, Tybost), delavirdine, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir.
To make sure triazolam is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
a history of depression, mental illness, or addiction;
a history of suicidal thoughts or actions;
liver or kidney disease; or
lung disease or breathing problems.
It is not known whether triazolam passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine.
Triazolam is not approved for use by anyone younger than 18 years old.
Follow the directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Triazolam may be habit-forming. Never share triazolam with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. Selling or giving away triazolam is against the law.
Take triazolam on an empty stomach, at least 2 hours after eating.
Take this medicine only when you are getting ready for several hours of sleep. You may fall asleep very quickly after taking the medicine.
Avoid using triazolam to prevent jet lag while traveling by airplane.
Call your doctor if your insomnia does not improve after taking triazolam for 7 to 10 nights, or if you have any mood or behavior changes. Insomnia can be a symptom of depression, mental illness, or certain medical conditions.
Do not take triazolam for longer than 10 nights in a row, unless your doctor has told you to. Ask your doctor how to avoid withdrawal symptoms when you stop using triazolam.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep track of the amount of medicine used from each new bottle. Triazolam is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if anyone is using your medicine improperly or without a prescription.
Since triazolam is taken as needed, you are not likely to be on a dosing schedule. Take triazolam only when you have time for several hours of sleep.
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of triazolam can be fatal, especially if taken with alcohol.
Overdose symptoms may include extreme drowsiness, confusion, slurred speech, weak or shallow breathing, fainting, or coma.
Avoid drinking alcohol. Dangerous side effects could occur.
Triazolam may impair your thinking or reactions. You may still feel sleepy the morning after taking triazolam. Wait until you are fully awake before you drive, operate machinery, or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice may interact with triazolam and lead to unwanted side effects. Avoid the use of grapefruit products while taking triazolam.
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
unusual changes in mood or behavior;
confusion, memory loss (amnesia), hallucinations; or
depression, suicidal thoughts.
Some people using triazolam have engaged in activity such as driving, eating, making phone calls, or sleep-walking and later having no memory of the activity. If this happens to you, stop taking triazolam and talk with your doctor.
The sedative effects of triazolam may last longer in older adults. Accidental falls are common in elderly patients who take benzodiazepines. Use caution to avoid falling or accidental injury while you are taking triazolam.
Common side effects may include:
dizziness, daytime drowsiness (or during hours when you are not normally sleeping);
loss of coordination;
headache; or
tingling or prickly feeling on your skin.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Usual Adult Dose for Insomnia:
Initial dose: 0.25 mg orally once a day at bedtime
Maintenance dose: 0.125 to 0.25 mg orally once a day at bedtime
Maximum dose: 0.5 mg/day
Duration of therapy: 7 to 10 days
Comments:
-Failure to respond after 7 to 10 days may suggest a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that requires further evaluation.
-Use of this drug for more than 2 to 3 weeks requires complete reevaluation of the patient.
Use: Short-term treatment of insomnia
Usual Geriatric Dose for Insomnia:
Initial dose: 0.125 mg orally once a day at bedtime
Maintenance dose: 0.125 to 0.25 mg orally once a day at bedtime
Maximum dose: 0.25 mg/day
Duration of therapy: 7 to 10 days
Comments:
-Failure to respond after 7 to 10 days may suggest a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that requires further evaluation.
-Use of this drug for more than 2 to 3 weeks requires complete reevaluation of the patient.
-The lowest effective dose should be used to minimize the potential for oversedation.
Use: Short-term treatment of insomnia
Taking triazolam with other drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing can cause dangerous side effects or death. Ask your doctor before taking a sleeping pill, narcotic pain medicine, prescription cough medicine, a muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety, depression, or seizures.
Many drugs can interact with triazolam, and some drugs should not be used together. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide. Tell your doctor about all medicines you use, and those you start or stop using during your treatment with triazolam. Give a list of all your medicines to any healthcare provider who treats you.
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.
Medically reviewed by USARx EDITORIAL TEAM Last updated on 1/1/2020.
Source: Drugs.com Triazolam (www.drugs.com/mtm/triazolam.html).
More frequently reported side effects include: dizziness, insomnia, rebound insomnia, headache, and irritability. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects.
Applies to triazolam: oral tablet
Oral route (Tablet)
Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing for patients with inadequate alternative treatment options. Limit dosage and duration to the minimum required and follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation.
Along with its needed effects, triazolam may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking triazolam:
Less common
Rare
Incidence not known
Some side effects of triazolam may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Rare
Incidence not known
Applies to triazolam: oral tablet
The most commonly reported side effects included drowsiness/sedation, dizziness/lightheadedness, headache, and ataxia.
Very common (10% or more): Sedation (up to 19.4%), drowsiness (up to 14%)
Common (1% to 10%): Anterograde amnesia with appropriate/inappropriate behavior, ataxia, concentration difficulty, coordination disorders/impaired coordination, dizziness, headache, impaired equilibrium, lethargy, lightheadedness, memory impairment
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Dysesthesia, paresthesia, taste alterations
Frequency not reported: Amnestic symptoms, clouding of consciousness, dysarthria, dystonia, slurred speech, somnambulism, syncope
Complex behaviors, such as "sleep-driving", other behaviors such as preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex, with amnesia for these events, have been reported at therapeutic doses with this medicine.
Very common (10% or more): WBC/high power field (HPF) in urinalysis (up to 11.3%)
Common (1% to 10%): Albuminuria, red blood cells/HPF in urinalysis
Frequency not reported: Incontinence, menstrual irregularities, urinary retention
Very common (10% or more): Low eosinophil count (up to 10.2%)
Common (1% to 10%): High eosinophil count, low monocyte count, low/high basophil count, low/high lymphocyte count, low/high neutrophil count, low/high WBC count
Common (1% to 10%): High bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphatase, low/high creatinine
Frequency not reported: Anorexia
Rebound insomnia (a worsening of sleep following cessation of therapy) has been observed and has sometimes been reported to occur in association with increased daytime anxiety.
Withdrawal symptoms have included agitation, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, psychosis, delirium, convulsions, tremor, abdominal cramps, blurred vision, vomiting, and sweating.
Worsening of insomnia, depression, or the emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities, including suicidal thinking, have emerged during treatment with sedative-hypnotic drugs, including this drug. The frequency and extent to which this drug is associated with adverse behavioral effects is controversial.
One study based on the postmarketing surveillance Spontaneous Reporting System of the FDA has suggested that adverse behavioral reactions have been reported 22 to 99 times more frequently in association with triazolam therapy than with temazepam therapy for insomnia. An increased frequency of adverse behavioral effects was noted to occur most frequently in elderly patients and at higher doses of this drug. The methodology of this study, however, has been questioned on the grounds that spontaneous reports of adverse effects do not necessarily correlate with the incidence of adverse effects.
Other studies and reports have concluded that little evidence exists to support the contention that this drug is associated with a greater risk of adverse behavioral effects than other benzodiazepines (including temazepam).
Common (1% to 10%): Anxiety, nervousness
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Confusional states, depression, euphoria
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Dreaming, insomnia, nightmares
Frequency not reported: Abnormal dreams, abuse, acute rage, addiction, aggressiveness, agitation, agitational state, bizarre behavior, changes in libido, delusions, depersonalization, derealization, disorientation, disorientation in time/place, excitation, hallucinations, inappropriate behavior, irritability, mania, other adverse behavioral effects, paranoia, restlessness, sleep disturbances, stimulation
Common (1% to 10%): Nausea, vomiting
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth
Frequency not reported: Burning tongue, glossitis, stomatitis
Common (1% to 10%): Tiredness
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Pain
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Tinnitus, weakness
Frequency not reported: Falling, paradoxical reactions
Death from hepatic failure has been reported in a patient also receiving diuretic drugs.
Common (1% to 10%): High AST levels
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Death (from hepatic failure)
Frequency not reported: Jaundice
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Pruritus, skin rash
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Dermatitis
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Palpitations, tachycardia
Frequency not reported: Chest pain
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Hiccups
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Congestion
One study of patients with obstructive sleep apnea has suggested that this drug may increase the maximum apnea duration and lower the minimum oxygen saturation of apneic patients.
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Cramps
Frequency not reported: Increased muscle spasticity
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Visual disturbances
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Allergy
Postmarketing reports: Anaphylactic shock, anaphylactoid reaction, allergic edema, angioneurotic edema, hypersensitivity reaction
Medically reviewed by USARx EDITORIAL TEAM Last updated on 1/1/2020.
Source: Drugs.com Triazolam (www.drugs.com/mtm/triazolam.html).
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