Divalproex sodium

Divalproex sodium Side Effects

In Summary

Commonly reported side effects of divalproex sodium include: abdominal pain, asthenia, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and anorexia. Other side effects include: abnormality in thinking, alopecia, ataxia, nystagmus disorder, tremor, weight loss, fever, and skin rash. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects.

For the Consumer

Applies to divalproex sodium: oral capsule delayed release, oral tablet delayed release, oral tablet extended release

Along with its needed effects, divalproex sodium may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking divalproex sodium:

More common

• Black, tarry stools
• bleeding gums
• bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet
• blood in the urine or stools
• confusion
• cough or hoarseness
• crying
• delusions
• dementia
• depersonalization
• diarrhea
• difficult or labored breathing
• dysphoria
• euphoria
• fever or chills
• general feeling of discomfort or illness
• headache
• joint pain
• loss of appetite
• lower back or side pain
• mental depression
• muscle aches and pains
• nausea
• nervousness
• painful or difficult urination
• paranoia
• pinpoint red spots on the skin
• quick to react or overreact emotionally
• rapid weight gain
• rapidly changing moods
• runny nose
• shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet
• shivering
• sleepiness or unusual drowsiness
• sore throat
• sweating
• tightness in the chest
• tingling of the hands or feet
• trembling or shaking of the hands or feet
• trouble sleeping
• unusual bleeding or bruising
• unusual tiredness or weakness
• unusual weight gain or loss
• vomiting

Less common

• Abnormal dreams
• absence of or decrease in body movement
• anxiety
• bloody nose
• blurred vision
• bruising burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings
• change in personality
• change in walking and balance
• changes in patterns and rhythms of speech
• chest pain
• chills
• cloudy urine
• clumsiness or unsteadiness
• cold sweats
• constipation
• darkened urine
• degenerative disease of the joint
• difficulty with moving
• dizziness
• dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position suddenly
• dry mouth
• excessive muscle tone
• fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
• feeling of warmth or heat
• flushing or redness of the skin, especially on the face and neck
• frequent urge to urinate
• heavy non-menstrual vaginal bleeding
• hyperventilation
• increased need to urinate
• indigestion
• lack of coordination
• large, flat, blue or purplish patches in the skin
• leg cramps
• lip smacking or puckering
• loss of bladder control
• loss of strength or energy
• multiple swollen and inflamed skin lesions
• muscle pain or stiffness
• muscle tension or tightness
• normal menstrual bleeding occurring earlier, possibly lasting longer than expected
• pains in the stomach, side, or abdomen, possibly radiating to the back
• passing urine more often
• pounding in the ears
• puffing of the cheeks
• rapid or worm-like movements of the tongue
• rapid weight gain
• restlessness
• seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
• shakiness and unsteady walk
• slurred speech
• small red or purple spots on the skin
• sweating
• swollen joints
• trouble with speaking
• twitching
• uncontrolled chewing movements
• uncontrolled movements of the arms and legs
• unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination
• vomiting of blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
• yellow eyes or skin

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur while taking divalproex sodium:

Symptoms of overdose

• Change in consciousness
• fainting
• loss of consciousness
• slow or irregular heartbeat

Some side effects of divalproex sodium may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Acid or sour stomach
• belching
• body aches or pain
• change in vision
• congestion
• continuing ringing or buzzing or other unexplained noise in the ears
• hair loss or thinning of the hair
• hearing loss
• heartburn
• impaired vision
• lack or loss of strength
• loss of memory
• problems with memory
• rash
• seeing double
• tender, swollen glands in the neck
• trouble with swallowing
• uncontrolled eye movements
• voice changes
• weight gain
• weight loss

Less common

• Absent, missed, or irregular menstrual periods
• back pain
• burning, dry, or itching eyes
• change in taste or bad unusual or unpleasant (after) taste
• coin-shaped lesions on the skin
• cough producing mucus
• cramps
• dandruff
• discharge or excessive tearing
• dry skin
• earache
• excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines
• eye pain
• feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings
• full feeling
• heavy bleeding
• increased appetite
• itching of the vagina or genital area
• itching skin
• loss of bowel control
• neck pain
• oily skin
• pain
• pain during sexual intercourse
• pain or tenderness around the eyes and cheekbones
• passing gas
• rash with flat lesions or small raised lesions on the skin
• redness or swelling in the ear
• redness, pain, swelling of the eye, eyelid, or inner lining of the eyelid
• redness, swelling, or soreness of the tongue
• sensation of spinning
• sneezing
• stiff neck
• stopping of menstrual bleeding
• thick, white vaginal discharge with no odor or with a mild odor

For Healthcare Professionals

Applies to divalproex sodium: oral delayed release capsule, oral delayed release tablet, oral tablet extended release

General

The more commonly reported adverse reactions have included headache, asthenia, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, somnolence, tremor, dizziness, diplopia, and amblyopia/blurred vision.

Gastrointestinal

Very common (10% or more): Abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, gingival disorder, nausea, vomiting

Common (1% to 10%): Constipation, dry mouth, eructation, fecal incontinence, flatulence, gastralgia, gastroenteritis, glossitis, periodontal abscess, hematemesis, stomatitis

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Pancreatitis (life-threatening)

Hepatic

Common (1% to 10%): Increased liver enzymes (particularly early in treatment), liver injury, SGOT increased, SGPT increased

Frequency not reported: Severe liver damage (including hepatic failure sometimes resulting in death), increased serum bilirubin, abnormal changes in other liver function tests

Nervous system

Very common (10% or more): Dizziness, headache, somnolence, tremor

Common (1% to 10%): Abnormal gait, amnesia, catatonic reaction, convulsion, disturbance in attention, dysarthria, extrapyramidal disorder, hypertonia, hypokinesia, incoordination, increased reflexes, memory impairment, nystagmus, paresthesia, speech disorder, stupor, tardive dyskinesia, taste perversion

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Ataxia, coma, encephalopathy, lethargy, reversible Parkinsonism

Rare (less than 0.1%): Cognitive disorder, reversible dementia associated with reversible cerebral atrophy

Frequency not reported: Cerebral atrophy, dementia

Postmarketing reports: Paradoxical convulsion, parkinsonism

Hematologic

Very common (10% or more): Thrombocytopenia

Common (1% to 10%): Anemia, hemorrhage

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Leucopenia, pancytopenia

Rare (less than 0.1%): Abnormal coagulation tests (e.g., prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, prolonged thrombin time, prolonged INR), agranulocytosis, bone marrow failure, decreased coagulation factors, including pure red cell aplasia, macrocytosis

Frequency not reported: Aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, bruising, eosinophilia, frank hemorrhage, hypofibrinogenemia, anemia including macrocytic with or without folate deficiency, relative lymphocytosis

Postmarketing reports: Relative lymphocytosis, macrocytosis, leukopenia, anemia including macrocytic with or without folate deficiency, bone marrow suppression, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, acute intermittent porphyria, Fanconi's syndrome (mostly children)

Respiratory

Very common (10% or more): Flu syndrome, respiratory infection

Common (1% to 10%): Bronchitis, dyspnea, epistaxis, increased cough, pharyngitis, pneumonia, rhinitis, sinusitis

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Pleural effusion

Renal

Rare (less than 0.1%): Reversible Fanconi's syndrome, tubulointerstitial nephritis

Cardiovascular

Common (1% to 10%): Edema, hypertension, hypotension, palpitations, postural hypotension, peripheral edema, tachycardia, vasodilation

Frequency not reported: Bradycardia, cutaneous vasculitis, hematoma formation

Postmarketing reports: Bradycardia, cutaneous vasculitis

Psychiatric

Very common (10% or more): Nervousness

Common (1% to 10%): Abnormal dreams, agitation, anxiety, aggression, confusion, depression, emotional lability, hallucinations, insomnia, personality disorder, thinking abnormalities

Rare (less than 0.1%): Abnormal behavior, learning disorder, psychomotor hyperactivity

Frequency not reported: Behavioral deterioration, hostility, psychosis

Postmarketing reports: Emotional upset, psychosis, aggression, psychomotor hyperactivity, hostility, disturbance in attention, learning disorder, behavioral deterioration

Endocrine

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Hyperandrogenism, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

Rare (less than 0.1%): Hypothyroidism

Frequency not reported: Abnormal thyroid function tests, elevated serum testosterone concentrations, parotid gland swelling

Postmarketing reports: Hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, elevated testosterone level, breast enlargement, galactorrhea, parotid gland swelling, inappropriate ADH secretion, developmental delay

Dermatologic

Very common (10% or more): Alopecia

Common (1% to 10%): Discoid lupus erythematosus, dry skin, ecchymosis, furunculosis, maculopapular rash, petechia, pruritus, rash, seborrhea

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Abnormal hair texture, abnormal hair growth, hair color changes, sweating

Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

Very rare (less than 0.01%): Acne, hirsutism

Frequency not reported: Angioedema, generalized pruritus, photosensitivity

Postmarketing reports: Hair texture changes, hair color changes, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, nail and nail bed disorders, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Genitourinary

Common (1% to 10%): Amenorrhea, cystitis, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, enuresis, metrorrhagia, urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, vaginal hemorrhage, vaginitis

Frequency not reported: Breast enlargement, galactorrhea, polycystic ovary disease

Postmarketing reports: Irregular menses, secondary amenorrhea, polycystic ovary disease, aspermia, azoospermia, decreased sperm count, decreased spermatozoa motility, male infertility, abnormal spermatozoa morphology, enuresis, urinary tract infection

Hypersensitivity

Frequency not reported: Allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity

Metabolic

Very common (10% or more): Anorexia

Common (1% to 10%): Weight loss/gain, increased appetite, hyponatremia

Rare (less than 0.1%): Hyperammonemia

Frequency not reported: Acute intermittent porphyria, minor elevations of LDH (dose related), decreased carnitine concentrations, hyperglycinemia

Postmarketing reports: Decreased carnitine concentrations, hyponatremia, hyperglycinemia, weight gain

Musculoskeletal

Common (1% to 10%): Arthralgia, arthrosis, leg cramps, myalgia, myasthenia, twitching

Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Decreased bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis and fractures on long term therapy

Rare (less than 0.1%): Rhabdomyolysis, systemic lupus erythematosus

Frequency not reported: Bone pain

Postmarketing reports: Fractures, decreased bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis, weakness, bone pain

Ocular

Very common (10% or more): Amblyopia/blurred vision, diplopia

Common (1% to 10%): Abnormal vision, conjunctivitis, diplopia, dry eyes, eye pain

Oncologic

Rare (less than 0.1%): Myelodysplastic syndrome

Other

Very common (10% or more): Asthenia

Common (1% to 10%): Back pain, chills, deafness, ear disorder, ear pain, face edema, fever, malaise, otitis media, tinnitus, vertigo

Frequency not reported: Hypothermia, weakness

Postmarketing reports: Hearing loss